### **Computer Systems, Virtualization, and Linux Fundamentals**  
**Target Audience:** IT Professionals, System Administrators, or Developers  
**Prerequisites:** Basic computer literacy. Pre-install VirtualBox and download CentOS/RHEL ISO (instructions sent prior).  

---

### **Schedule Breakdown**  
**Total Time:** 8 Hours (Excluding Breaks)  

---

#### **1. Welcome & Overview (9:00 AM – 9:15 AM)**  
- **Objective:** Set expectations and outline the day.  
- **Activity:**  
  - Quick introductions.  
  - Overview of training goals and schedule.  

---

#### **2. Lecture: Computer Systems & Network Fundamentals (9:15 AM – 10:15 AM)**  
- **Topics Covered:**  
  - **What is a Computer System?**
    - **Hardware:**
      - CPU (Processor): The brain – what it does.
      - GPU (Specific Processor): The brain – what it does.
      - RAM (Memory): Short-term storage, faster speed access.
      - Storage (HDD/SSD): Long-term storage, medium speed access.
      - Motherboard: The central hub.
      - Input/Output Devices (Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor, Printer).
    - **Software:**
      - Operating System (OS): The manager (Windows, macOS, Linux).
      - Applications: Programs for specific tasks.
    
  - Basics of networking: IP addresses, DNS, DHCP, and subnets.
    ![OSI vs TCP](<OSI-vs-TCP-medium.png> "OSI Layer vs TCP Layer") 
  - Role of OS in resource management.  
- **Learning Outcome:** Understand how hardware and software interact in networked environments.  

---

#### **3. Lab 1: Basic Network Configuration (10:30 AM – 11:30 AM)**  
- **Tools Used:** Command-line (`ipconfig/ifconfig`, `ping`, `nslookup`).  
- **Activities:**  
  - Check IP configuration and test connectivity.  
  - Modify network settings (temporary IP change).  
  - Troubleshoot a simulated DNS issue.  
- **Deliverable:** Screenshot of successful `ping` to a gateway and external domain.  

---

#### **4. Lecture + Group Activity: Bare Metal vs Virtualization vs Containerization (11:30 AM – 12:30 PM)**  
- **Topics Covered:**  
  - **Bare Metal:**
        - Definition: OS directly on hardware.
        - Pros: Maximum performance, direct hardware access.
        - Cons: Resource underutilization, difficult to manage multiple applications, hardware dependency.
    - **Virtualization:**
        - Concept: Running multiple virtual machines (VMs) on a single physical host.
        - Hypervisor (Type 1 vs. Type 2 - focus on Type 2 for VirtualBox): The software that manages VMs.
        - Pros: Resource isolation, efficient resource utilization, portability, disaster recovery.
        - Cons: Overhead from hypervisor, slightly lower performance than bare metal.
        - **Analogy:** An apartment building (bare metal) vs. a shared house with separate rooms (virtualization).
    - **Containerization (Brief Overview - for context):**
        - Concept: Lightweight, isolated environments sharing the host OS kernel.
        - Examples: Docker.
        - Pros: Even lighter than VMs, faster startup, highly portable.
        - Cons: Less isolation than VMs, shares host kernel.
        - **Analogy:** Virtualization is a separate house for each family; Containerization is separate apartments within one house.


#### **5. Lunch Break (12:30 PM – 1:30 PM)**  

---

#### **6. Demo + Lab 2: VirtualBox Setup & VM Creation (1:30 PM – 2:30 PM)**  
- **Topics Covered:**  
  - Purpose of VirtualBox (cross-platform VM management).  
  - System requirements (VT-x/AMD-V, 4GB+ RAM).  
- **Lab Steps:**  
  1. Install VirtualBox (if not pre-installed).  
  2. Create a VM: Allocate resources (2 CPU cores, 4GB RAM, 20GB disk).  
  3. Attach CentOS ISO and start installation (pre-loaded ISO).  
- **Deliverable:** VM with CentOS installed (post-reboot).  

---

#### **7. Lecture: Linux Fundamentals (CentOS/RHEL) (2:45 PM – 3:30 PM)**  
- **Topics Covered:**  
  - History of Linux and key distributions (Debian vs RHEL).  
  - Why enterprises prefer CentOS/RHEL (long-term support, security).  
  - File system hierarchy (`/`, `/etc`, `/var`, `/home`).  

---

#### **8. Lab 3: Linux Commands & File System (3:30 PM – 4:15 PM)**  
![Linux Cheat Sheet](<Linux Cheat Sheet.jpg>)
- **Activities:**  
  - Navigate directories using `cd`, `ls`, `pwd`.  
  - Create files (`touch`, `nano`), directories (`mkdir`).  
  - Archive files with `tar` and search using `grep`.  
- **Deliverable:** A compressed log file containing specific error entries.  

---

#### **9. Lab 4: User Permissions & Final Challenge (4:15 PM – 5:00 PM)**  
- **Activities:**  
  - Create users/groups (`useradd`, `groupadd`).  
  - Modify permissions (`chmod 755`, `chown`).  
  - **Final Lab:**  
    - SSH into a VM, create a secure directory for a team, and set permissions.  
- **Deliverable:** A shared folder accessible only to the `developers` group.  

---

#### **10. Wrap-Up & Q&A (5:00 PM – 5:30 PM)**  
- **Activity:**  
  - Recap key takeaways.  
  - Distribute lab solution guides and additional resources.  
  - Open floor for questions and feedback.  

---

### **Training Materials Provided:**  
- Slide decks for lectures.  
- Step-by-step lab guides with commands.  
- Pre-configured CentOS VM template (for slower learners).  
- Cheat sheets for Linux commands and VirtualBox shortcuts.  

### **Instructor Notes:**  
- Emphasize hands-on troubleshooting during labs.  
- Encourage peer collaboration for complex tasks.  
- Adjust time allocations based on group pace.  

--- 

This plan balances theory and practice, ensuring participants gain actionable skills in virtualization and Linux administration.