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Wiki-By-Syukri/IT Sofware Engineering Training/month-01/week-01/day-01/ComputerSystems-Linux-Virtualization.md

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Computer Systems, Virtualization, and Linux Fundamentals

Target Audience: IT Professionals, System Administrators, or Developers
Prerequisites: Basic computer literacy. Pre-install VirtualBox and download CentOS/RHEL ISO (instructions sent prior).

Schedule Breakdown

Total Time: 8 Hours (Excluding Breaks)

1. Welcome & Overview (9:00 AM – 9:15 AM)

  • Objective: Set expectations and outline the day.
  • Activity:
    • Quick introductions.
    • Overview of training goals and schedule.

2. Lecture: Computer Systems & Network Fundamentals (9:15 AM – 10:15 AM)

  • Topics Covered:

    • What is a Computer System?

      • Hardware:
        • CPU (Processor): The brain – what it does.
        • GPU (Specific Processor): The brain – what it does.
        • RAM (Memory): Short-term storage, faster speed access.
        • Storage (HDD/SSD): Long-term storage, medium speed access.
        • Motherboard: The central hub.
        • Input/Output Devices (Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor, Printer).
      • Software:
        • Operating System (OS): The manager (Windows, macOS, Linux).
        • Applications: Programs for specific tasks.

    • Basics of networking: IP addresses, DNS, DHCP, and subnets. OSI vs TCP

    • Role of OS in resource management.

  • Learning Outcome: Understand how hardware and software interact in networked environments.

3. Lab 1: Basic Network Configuration (10:30 AM – 11:30 AM)

  • Tools Used: Command-line (ipconfig/ifconfig, ping, nslookup).
  • Activities:
    • Check IP configuration and test connectivity.
    • Modify network settings (temporary IP change).
    • Troubleshoot a simulated DNS issue.
  • Deliverable: Screenshot of successful ping to a gateway and external domain.

4. Lecture + Group Activity: Bare Metal vs Virtualization vs Containerization (11:30 AM – 12:30 PM)

  • Topics Covered:
    • Bare Metal: - Definition: OS directly on hardware. - Pros: Maximum performance, direct hardware access. - Cons: Resource underutilization, difficult to manage multiple applications, hardware dependency.
      • Virtualization:
        • Concept: Running multiple virtual machines (VMs) on a single physical host.
        • Hypervisor (Type 1 vs. Type 2 - focus on Type 2 for VirtualBox): The software that manages VMs.
        • Pros: Resource isolation, efficient resource utilization, portability, disaster recovery.
        • Cons: Overhead from hypervisor, slightly lower performance than bare metal.
        • Analogy: An apartment building (bare metal) vs. a shared house with separate rooms (virtualization).
      • Containerization (Brief Overview - for context):
        • Concept: Lightweight, isolated environments sharing the host OS kernel.
        • Examples: Docker.
        • Pros: Even lighter than VMs, faster startup, highly portable.
        • Cons: Less isolation than VMs, shares host kernel.
        • Analogy: Virtualization is a separate house for each family; Containerization is separate apartments within one house.

5. Lunch Break (12:30 PM – 1:30 PM)

6. Demo + Lab 2: VirtualBox Setup & VM Creation (1:30 PM – 2:30 PM)

  • Topics Covered:
    • Purpose of VirtualBox (cross-platform VM management).
    • System requirements (VT-x/AMD-V, 4GB+ RAM).
  • Lab Steps:
    1. Install VirtualBox (if not pre-installed).
    2. Create a VM: Allocate resources (2 CPU cores, 4GB RAM, 20GB disk).
    3. Attach CentOS ISO and start installation (pre-loaded ISO).
  • Deliverable: VM with CentOS installed (post-reboot).

7. Lecture: Linux Fundamentals (CentOS/RHEL) (2:45 PM – 3:30 PM)

  • Topics Covered:
    • History of Linux and key distributions (Debian vs RHEL).
    • Why enterprises prefer CentOS/RHEL (long-term support, security).
    • File system hierarchy (/, /etc, /var, /home).

8. Lab 3: Linux Commands & File System (3:30 PM – 4:15 PM)

Linux Cheat Sheet

  • Activities:
    • Navigate directories using cd, ls, pwd.
    • Create files (touch, nano), directories (mkdir).
    • Archive files with tar and search using grep.
  • Deliverable: A compressed log file containing specific error entries.

9. Lab 4: User Permissions & Final Challenge (4:15 PM – 5:00 PM)

  • Activities:
    • Create users/groups (useradd, groupadd).
    • Modify permissions (chmod 755, chown).
    • Final Lab:
      • SSH into a VM, create a secure directory for a team, and set permissions.
  • Deliverable: A shared folder accessible only to the developers group.

10. Wrap-Up & Q&A (5:00 PM – 5:30 PM)

  • Activity:
    • Recap key takeaways.
    • Distribute lab solution guides and additional resources.
    • Open floor for questions and feedback.

Training Materials Provided:

  • Slide decks for lectures.
  • Step-by-step lab guides with commands.
  • Pre-configured CentOS VM template (for slower learners).
  • Cheat sheets for Linux commands and VirtualBox shortcuts.

Instructor Notes:

  • Emphasize hands-on troubleshooting during labs.
  • Encourage peer collaboration for complex tasks.
  • Adjust time allocations based on group pace.

This plan balances theory and practice, ensuring participants gain actionable skills in virtualization and Linux administration.